Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery

What is Mitral Valve? The left atrio-ventricular dual flap valve lying between left ventricle and left atrium of heart is termed as Mitral Valve or Bicuspid valve.

What is Mitral valve Regurgitation (MR)?

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Mitral Valve Regurgitation is a problem that occurs due to mitral valve prolapse. Mitral valve prolapse means that the two tissue flaps and mitral valve leaflets do not close properly. Since the mitral valve leaflets are not closed and sealed tightly, the blood leaks in the wrong direction.

Need for Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery

When the regurgitation is acute i.e. severe, it leads to Mitral Valve Disorder (also called as Mitral insufficiency or Mitral incompetence). Patient suffering from Mitral Valve Disorder has to undergo Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery to make the ventricles work properly. If not, the cardiac muscle might get damaged.

The patient has to undergo this surgery even if he has trouble in breathing or suffers from heart failure. If the patient has swelling or fatigue, then he has to be checked for the regurgitation severity which might be measured using MRI, Echo Cardiogram, Cardiac Catheterization or Stress Echo.

If regurgitation severity is high, then the patient has to undergo Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery. If the ejection fraction is less than 60% or if the left ventricle is more than 40mm while at rest, then again this surgery has to be undertaken.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery Procedure

During Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery, the affected valve will either be repaired or replaced. Based on the type of damage, appropriate surgery procedure will be chosen.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery - Repairing the Mitral Valve
As part of Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery, the mitral valve can be repaired in one of the following ways: (1) Valve can be reshaped to close tightly (2) Excess Tissue can be removed from the valve (3) Valve Ring can be supported by using proper methodologies (4) Chordal transposition can be done so that the valve gets attached to chord like tissues located in the heart.

By repairing the mitral valve through Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery, the patient gains the following benefits: Long time survival assurance, improvement in the functioning of left ventricle, low risk of bleeding and considerably short time need of anticoagulants.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation Surgery - Replacing the Mitral Valve
The first step in replacing mitral valve is deciding which type of valve has to be used – mechanical valve or bio-prosthetic valve. After deciding the type of valve, the damaged mitral valve is removed and replaced with the selected valve. Note that if mechanical valve is placed, life time consumption of an anticoagulant medicine is a must to avoid blood clot in the blood.

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